GHK-Cu

About This Compound

GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper(II) complex) is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex first isolated from human plasma. It is one of the most extensively researched anti-ageing and regenerative peptides in dermatological science, with a documented ability to modulate the expression of over 4,000 human genes — encompassing tissue remodelling, inflammation resolution, and cellular repair.

Collagen and extracellular matrix support: GHK-Cu upregulates synthesis of collagen I, III, and V, as well as elastin and dermatan sulphate proteoglycans. It simultaneously inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade collagen, while activating their inhibitors (TIMPs) — effectively shifting the tissue microenvironment towards net collagen deposition and structural integrity restoration.

Wound healing and skin regeneration: The copper ion chelated within the complex activates TGF-β signalling and promotes keratinocyte and fibroblast migration, accelerating re-epithelialisation. In published models, GHK-Cu has demonstrated reductions in wound closure time and improvements in dermal thickness and hydration compared to controls.

Hair follicle activation: Research demonstrates upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) in follicle dermal papilla cells, supporting anagen (growth) phase extension and follicle size maintenance.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties: GHK-Cu down-regulates NF-κB — a master regulator of inflammatory gene expression — and modulates free radical generation via its copper-binding coordination chemistry, providing dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level.

Technical Specifications

🔬 Research & Mechanism Notes

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